TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) merupakan layar LCD yang terdiri dari rangkaian transistor, dimana setiap transistor akan mengontrol satu piksel LCD. LCD TFT 2.4 inch ini dapat menampilkan warna RGB dengan resolusi 320x240 atau 76.800 piksel. Piksel tersebut dibentuk oleh kristal cair yang dapat berubah warna cahaya ketika diberi tegangan listrik.
LCD TFT ini juga dilengkapi dengan shield touch pad dan pena stylus sehingga cocok digunakan pada proyek yang membutuhkan antarmuka layar sentuh. Untuk mengakses fungsi touch pad tersebut, pengguna perlu mengetahui koordinat titik piksel yang disentuh, sehingga diperlukan kalibrasi LCD terlebih dahulu. LCD TFT ini juga dilengkapi dengan slot SD card yang dapat diakses melalui komunikasi SPI dengan jalur yang tersedia pada modul.
Anda bisa membuat banyak proyek menggunakan LCD ini. Sebagai contoh:
- Televisi mini
- Jam digital
- Speedometer
- Layar handphone
- Sistem kontrol rumah
- Game station mini
- Kamera poket
- Kalkulator
- Tampilan lokasi GPS
- Tampilan cuaca
- dll
LCD ini tersusun dari piksel-piksel. Setiap piksel memiliki alamat lokasi. Ketika satu piksel ingin kita aktifkan, berarti kita harus aktifkan piksel tersebut dengan menyertakan koordinat lokasi piksel. Penulisan koordinat dimulai dari huruf “x” kemudian “y”. Contoh Piksel (x, y) yaitu piksel (9,8). Pada gambar di bawah adalah contoh menghidupkan 3 piksel, yaitu pada koordinat (9,8), (36, 3) dan (46, 22).
Spesifikasi LCD TFT Touch Screen 2.4 Inch
Pinout LCD TFT Touch Screen 2.4 Inch
Library LCD TFT Touch Screen 2.4 Inch
Untuk mempermudah mengakses LCD TFT Touch Screen pada Arduino IDE, terdapat beberapa Library tambahan yang dibutuhkan dalam kode program, antara lain:
•Adafruit GFX Library (https://electropeak.com/learn/download/adafruit-gfx-library/)
•Adafruit TouchScreen Library (https://electropeak.com/learn/download/adafruit-touchscreen-library/)
•TFTLCD Library (https://electropeak.com/learn/download/tftlcd-library/)
TFTLCD Library biasanya hanya mendukung modul LCD TFTT dengan driver jenis 932x, 7575, 9341, dan HX8357D. Apabila LCD TFT tidak mendukung penggunaan Library tersebut, maka bisa dicoba menggunakan Library berikut:
•Mcufriend Library. (https://electropeak.com/learn/download/mcufriend-library/)
atau library TftSpfd5408
Percobaan 26: Akses LCD TFT Touch Screen 2.4 Inch
- Hubungkan L_RD, L_WR, L_RS, L_CS, L_RST dengan pin A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan D0 – D7 dengan pin D8, D9, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan SD_SCK, SD_DO, SD_DI, SD_SS dengan pin D13, D12, D11, D10 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan Supply 3V3 dan 5V LCD TFT dengan 3V3 dan 5V Arduino MEGA
- Hubungkan board ATMEGA 2560 dengan Komputer menggunakan kabel USB.
- Bukalah IDE Arduino, kemudian ketikkan kode program/sketch atau buka file FIX_TFT_LCD_graphicstest
- Compile menggunakan verify button (tanda ceklist pada IDE arduino) untuk mengecek ada atau tidaknya error/kesalahan dalam pengetikan.
- Upload program ke arduino dengan cara, pilih File > Upload to I/O board, atau tekan tombol tanda panah pada jendela IDE arduino.
Coding:
// IMPORTANT: TftSpfd5408 LIBRARY MUST BE SPECIFICALLY
// CONFIGURED FOR EITHER THE TFT SHIELD OR THE BREAKOUT BOARD.
// SEE RELEVANT COMMENTS IN TftSpfd5408.h FOR SETUP.
// ARDUINO MEGA DAN UNO MENGGUNAKAN KAKI YANG SAMA
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> // Core graphics library
#include <TftSpfd5408.h> // Hardware-specific library
// The control pins for the LCD can be assigned to any digital or
// analog pins...but we'll use the analog pins as this allows us to
// double up the pins with the touch screen (see the TFT paint example).
#define LCD_CS A3 // Chip Select goes to Analog 3
#define LCD_CD A2 // Command/Data goes to Analog 2
#define LCD_WR A1 // LCD Write goes to Analog 1
#define LCD_RD A0 // LCD Read goes to Analog 0
#define LCD_RESET A4 // Can alternately just connect to Arduino's reset pin
// When using the BREAKOUT BOARD only, use these 8 data lines to the LCD:
// For the Arduino Uno, Duemilanove, Diecimila, etc.:
// D0 connects to digital pin 8 (Notice these are
// D1 connects to digital pin 9 NOT in order!)
// D2 connects to digital pin 2
// D3 connects to digital pin 3
// D4 connects to digital pin 4
// D5 connects to digital pin 5
// D6 connects to digital pin 6
// D7 connects to digital pin 7
// For the Arduino Mega, use digital pins
// (on the 2-row header at the end of the board).
// Assign human-readable names to some common 16-bit color values:
#define BLACK 0x0000
#define BLUE 0x001F
#define RED 0xF800
#define GREEN 0x07E0
#define CYAN 0x07FF
#define MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW 0xFFE0
#define WHITE 0xFFFF
TftSpfd5408 tft(LCD_CS, LCD_CD, LCD_WR, LCD_RD, LCD_RESET);
// If using the shield, all control and data lines are fixed, and
// a simpler declaration can optionally be used:
// TftSpfd5408 tft;
void setup(void) {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("TFT LCD test"));
#ifdef USE_ADAFRUIT_SHIELD_PINOUT
Serial.println(F("Using Adafruit 2.4\" TFT Arduino Shield Pinout"));
#else
Serial.println(F("Using Adafruit 2.4\" TFT Breakout Board Pinout"));
#endif
Serial.print("TFT size is "); Serial.print(tft.width()); Serial.print("x"); Serial.println(tft.height());
tft.reset();
tft.begin(0x9341);
Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));
Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));
Serial.println(testFillScreen());
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Text "));
Serial.println(testText());
delay(3000);
Serial.print(F("Lines "));
Serial.println(testLines(CYAN));
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));
Serial.println(testFastLines(RED, BLUE));
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));
Serial.println(testRects(GREEN));
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));
Serial.println(testFilledRects(YELLOW, MAGENTA));
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));
Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, MAGENTA));
Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));
Serial.println(testCircles(10, WHITE));
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));
Serial.println(testTriangles());
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));
Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));
Serial.println(testRoundRects());
delay(500);
Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));
Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
delay(500);
Serial.println(F("Done!"));
}
void loop(void) {
for(uint8_t rotation=0; rotation<4; rotation++) {
tft.setRotation(rotation);
testText();
delay(2000);
}
}
unsigned long testFillScreen() {
unsigned long start = micros();
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
tft.fillScreen(RED);
tft.fillScreen(GREEN);
tft.fillScreen(BLUE);
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testText() {
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
unsigned long start = micros();
tft.setCursor(0, 0);
tft.setTextColor(WHITE); tft.setTextSize(1);
tft.println("Hello World!");
tft.setTextColor(YELLOW); tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.println(1234.56);
tft.setTextColor(RED); tft.setTextSize(3);
tft.println(0xDEADBEEF, HEX);
tft.println();
tft.setTextColor(GREEN);
tft.setTextSize(5);
tft.println("Groop");
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.println("I implore thee,");
tft.setTextSize(1);
tft.println("my foonting turlingdromes.");
tft.println("And hooptiously drangle me");
tft.println("with crinkly bindlewurdles,");
tft.println("Or I will rend thee");
tft.println("in the gobberwarts");
tft.println("with my blurglecruncheon,");
tft.println("see if I don't!");
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testLines(uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start, t;
int x1, y1, x2, y2,
w = tft.width(),
h = tft.height();
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
x1 = y1 = 0;
y2 = h - 1;
start = micros();
for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = w - 1;
for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t = micros() - start; // fillScreen doesn't count against timing
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
x1 = w - 1;
y1 = 0;
y2 = h - 1;
start = micros();
for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = 0;
for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t += micros() - start;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
x1 = 0;
y1 = h - 1;
y2 = 0;
start = micros();
for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = w - 1;
for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
t += micros() - start;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
x1 = w - 1;
y1 = h - 1;
y2 = 0;
start = micros();
for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
x2 = 0;
for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testFastLines(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height();
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
start = micros();
for(y=0; y<h; y+=5) tft.drawFastHLine(0, y, w, color1);
for(x=0; x<w; x+=5) tft.drawFastVLine(x, 0, h, color2);
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testRects(uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int n, i, i2,
cx = tft.width() / 2,
cy = tft.height() / 2;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
n = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
start = micros();
for(i=2; i<n; i+=6) {
i2 = i / 2;
tft.drawRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color);
}
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledRects(uint16_t color1, uint16_t color2) {
unsigned long start, t = 0;
int n, i, i2,
cx = tft.width() / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
n = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
for(i=n; i>0; i-=6) {
i2 = i / 2;
start = micros();
tft.fillRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color1);
t += micros() - start;
// Outlines are not included in timing results
tft.drawRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color2);
}
return t;
}
unsigned long testFilledCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height(), r2 = radius * 2;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
start = micros();
for(x=radius; x<w; x+=r2) {
for(y=radius; y<h; y+=r2) {
tft.fillCircle(x, y, radius, color);
}
}
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testCircles(uint8_t radius, uint16_t color) {
unsigned long start;
int x, y, r2 = radius * 2,
w = tft.width() + radius,
h = tft.height() + radius;
// Screen is not cleared for this one -- this is
// intentional and does not affect the reported time.
start = micros();
for(x=0; x<w; x+=r2) {
for(y=0; y<h; y+=r2) {
tft.drawCircle(x, y, radius, color);
}
}
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testTriangles() {
unsigned long start;
int n, i, cx = tft.width() / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
n = min(cx, cy);
start = micros();
for(i=0; i<n; i+=5) {
tft.drawTriangle(
cx , cy - i, // peak
cx - i, cy + i, // bottom left
cx + i, cy + i, // bottom right
tft.color565(0, 0, i));
}
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledTriangles() {
unsigned long start, t = 0;
int i, cx = tft.width() / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
start = micros();
for(i=min(cx,cy); i>10; i-=5) {
start = micros();
tft.fillTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
tft.color565(0, i, i));
t += micros() - start;
tft.drawTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
tft.color565(i, i, 0));
}
return t;
}
unsigned long testRoundRects() {
unsigned long start;
int w, i, i2,
cx = tft.width() / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
w = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
start = micros();
for(i=0; i<w; i+=6) {
i2 = i / 2;
tft.drawRoundRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, i/8, tft.color565(i, 0, 0));
}
return micros() - start;
}
unsigned long testFilledRoundRects() {
unsigned long start;
int i, i2,
cx = tft.width() / 2 - 1,
cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
start = micros();
for(i=min(tft.width(), tft.height()); i>20; i-=6) {
i2 = i / 2;
tft.fillRoundRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, i/8, tft.color565(0, i, 0));
}
return micros() - start;
}
Demo Video:
Percobaan 27: Akses LCD TFT Touch Screen 2.4 Inch APLIKASI PAINT
- Hubungkan L_RD, L_WR, L_RS, L_CS, L_RST dengan pin A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan D0 – D7 dengan pin D8, D9, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan SD_SCK, SD_DO, SD_DI, SD_SS dengan pin D13, D12, D11, D10 Arduino MEGA 2560 secara berurutan
- Hubungkan Supply 3V3 dan 5V LCD TFT dengan 3V3 dan 5V Arduino MEGA
- Hubungkan board ATMEGA 2560 dengan Komputer menggunakan kabel USB.
- Bukalah IDE Arduino, kemudian ketikkan kode program/sketch atau buka file FIX_TFT_LCD_PAINT
- Compile menggunakan verify button (tanda ceklist pada IDE arduino) untuk mengecek ada atau tidaknya error/kesalahan dalam pengetikan.
- Upload program ke arduino dengan cara, pilih File > Upload to I/O board, atau tekan tombol tanda panah pada jendela IDE arduino.
Coding:
// Paint example specifically for the TFTLCD breakout board.
// If using the Arduino shield, use the tftpaint_shield.pde sketch instead!
// DOES NOT CURRENTLY WORK ON ARDUINO LEONARDO
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> // Core graphics library
#include <TftSpfd5408.h> // Hardware-specific library
#include <TouchScreen.h>
#if defined(__SAM3X8E__)
#undef __FlashStringHelper::F(string_literal)
#define F(string_literal) string_literal
#endif
// When using the BREAKOUT BOARD only, use these 8 data lines to the LCD:
// For the Arduino Uno, Duemilanove, Diecimila, etc.:
// D0 connects to digital pin 8 (Notice these are
// D1 connects to digital pin 9 NOT in order!)
// D2 connects to digital pin 2
// D3 connects to digital pin 3
// D4 connects to digital pin 4
// D5 connects to digital pin 5
// D6 connects to digital pin 6
// D7 connects to digital pin 7
// For the Arduino Mega, use digital pins 22 through 29
// (on the 2-row header at the end of the board).
// D0 connects to digital pin 22
// D1 connects to digital pin 23
// D2 connects to digital pin 24
// D3 connects to digital pin 25
// D4 connects to digital pin 26
// D5 connects to digital pin 27
// D6 connects to digital pin 28
// D7 connects to digital pin 29
// For the Arduino Due, use digital pins 33 through 40
// (on the 2-row header at the end of the board).
// D0 connects to digital pin 33
// D1 connects to digital pin 34
// D2 connects to digital pin 35
// D3 connects to digital pin 36
// D4 connects to digital pin 37
// D5 connects to digital pin 38
// D6 connects to digital pin 39
// D7 connects to digital pin 40
#define YP A1 // must be an analog pin, use "An" notation!
#define XM A2 // must be an analog pin, use "An" notation!
#define YM 7 // can be a digital pin
#define XP 6 // can be a digital pin
#define TS_MINX 150
#define TS_MINY 120
#define TS_MAXX 920
#define TS_MAXY 940
// For better pressure precision, we need to know the resistance
// between X+ and X- Use any multimeter to read it
// For the one we're using, its 300 ohms across the X plate
TouchScreen ts = TouchScreen(XP, YP, XM, YM, 300);
#define LCD_CS A3
#define LCD_CD A2
#define LCD_WR A1
#define LCD_RD A0
// optional
#define LCD_RESET A4
// Assign human-readable names to some common 16-bit color values:
#define BLACK 0x0000
#define BLUE 0x001F
#define RED 0xF800
#define GREEN 0x07E0
#define CYAN 0x07FF
#define MAGENTA 0xF81F
#define YELLOW 0xFFE0
#define WHITE 0xFFFF
TftSpfd5408 tft(LCD_CS, LCD_CD, LCD_WR, LCD_RD, LCD_RESET);
#define BOXSIZE 40
#define PENRADIUS 3
int oldcolor, currentcolor;
void setup(void) {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("Paint!"));
tft.reset();
tft.begin(0x9341);
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
tft.fillRect(0, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, RED);
tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, YELLOW);
tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*2, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, GREEN);
tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*3, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, CYAN);
tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*4, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, BLUE);
tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*5, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, MAGENTA);
// tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*6, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
tft.drawRect(0, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
currentcolor = RED;
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
#define MINPRESSURE 10
#define MAXPRESSURE 1000
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
TSPoint p = ts.getPoint();
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
// if sharing pins, you'll need to fix the directions of the touchscreen pins
//pinMode(XP, OUTPUT);
pinMode(XM, OUTPUT);
pinMode(YP, OUTPUT);
//pinMode(YM, OUTPUT);
// we have some minimum pressure we consider 'valid'
// pressure of 0 means no pressing!
if (p.z > MINPRESSURE && p.z < MAXPRESSURE) {
/*
Serial.print("X = "); Serial.print(p.x);
Serial.print("\tY = "); Serial.print(p.y);
Serial.print("\tPressure = "); Serial.println(p.z);
*/
if (p.y < (TS_MINY-5)) {
Serial.println("erase");
// press the bottom of the screen to erase
tft.fillRect(0, BOXSIZE, tft.width(), tft.height()-BOXSIZE, BLACK);
}
// scale from 0->1023 to tft.width
p.x = map(p.x, TS_MINX, TS_MAXX, tft.width(), 0);
p.y = map(p.y, TS_MINY, TS_MAXY, tft.height(), 0);
/*
Serial.print("("); Serial.print(p.x);
Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(p.y);
Serial.println(")");
*/
if (p.y < BOXSIZE) {
oldcolor = currentcolor;
if (p.x < BOXSIZE) {
currentcolor = RED;
tft.drawRect(0, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
} else if (p.x < BOXSIZE*2) {
currentcolor = YELLOW;
tft.drawRect(BOXSIZE, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
} else if (p.x < BOXSIZE*3) {
currentcolor = GREEN;
tft.drawRect(BOXSIZE*2, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
} else if (p.x < BOXSIZE*4) {
currentcolor = CYAN;
tft.drawRect(BOXSIZE*3, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
} else if (p.x < BOXSIZE*5) {
currentcolor = BLUE;
tft.drawRect(BOXSIZE*4, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
} else if (p.x < BOXSIZE*6) {
currentcolor = MAGENTA;
tft.drawRect(BOXSIZE*5, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, WHITE);
}
if (oldcolor != currentcolor) {
if (oldcolor == RED) tft.fillRect(0, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, RED);
if (oldcolor == YELLOW) tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, YELLOW);
if (oldcolor == GREEN) tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*2, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, GREEN);
if (oldcolor == CYAN) tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*3, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, CYAN);
if (oldcolor == BLUE) tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*4, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, BLUE);
if (oldcolor == MAGENTA) tft.fillRect(BOXSIZE*5, 0, BOXSIZE, BOXSIZE, MAGENTA);
}
}
if (((p.y-PENRADIUS) > BOXSIZE) && ((p.y+PENRADIUS) < tft.height())) {
tft.fillCircle(p.x, p.y, PENRADIUS, currentcolor);
}
}
}
Video Demo: